summary of the common problem of the child

SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL

Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible sign, other types of abuse, such as emotional abuse or child neglect, also leave deep, long lasting scars. Some signs of child abuse are subtler than others. However, by learning common types of abuse and what you can do, you can make a huge difference in a child’s life. The earlier abused children get help, the greater chance they have to heal from their abuse and not perpetuate the cycle. Learn the signs and symptoms of child abuse and help break the cycle, finding out where to get help for the children and their caregivers.

is the physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment of children.^[1] In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child.^[2] Most child abuse occurs in a child's home, with a smaller amount occurring in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse, and child sexual abuse.

SUMMARY OF SOCIAL

Using a natural history model, this paper attempts to understand and explain why the problem of child abuse was recognized in Britain when it was and in the manner in which it was. It traces its development from the initial discovery in America. Particular emphasis is given to the work of the NSPCC battered child research unit, Sir Keith Joseph, the Tunbridge Wells Study Group and the media in contributing to the social reaction to the case of Maria Colwell, which established non-accidental injury as a major social problem in Britain. These developments have had implications for the changing role of the personal social services and may reflect broader changes in the control culture and the relationship between the state and the family.

 Only children are sometimes faced with social behavior problems because they do not have interactions with siblings as they grow up. They lose out on being able to interact with others close to their age in the home, and they miss out on daily social interactions that can help educate them about proper methods of socialization. Only children often are stereotyped as spoiled children, which may later hinder the success of social interactions.

SUMMARY OF MORAL

Making up stories is part of a normal fantasy life for young children. It is a positive sign of developing intelligence and of an active and healthy imagination. Preschool children who are beginning to express themselves through language are not yet able to make a clear distinction between reality and make-believe. Storytelling at this age is seldom an intentional effort to deceive. When preschool children do engage in intentional deceit, it is usually to avoid reprimand. They are concerned with pleasing the parent, and may fear the punishment for admitting a mistake or misdeed.

Many children are socialized by their parents at a very early age to tell "white"; lies to avoid hurting another's feelings. "White lies" or "fibs" are commonplace in many households and social settings and are observed and imitated by children. The incidence of pro social or "white lies," tends to increase in children as they grow older.

SUMMARY OF BEHAVIOR

There are five very common behavior problems that almost every parent will experience when dealing with their children. Of course, every child is different, and some children will struggle more with some problems than other children. If you are a parent, however, chances are you will have to deal with at least one or two of these problems as your child grows and matures.

One of the most common problems that parents have to deal with is their child’s whining. How does a child begin whining? More than likely, your child began whining when she discovered that you paid more attention to her when she was in distress. While that distress may have begun with a legitimate situation, it probably developed into your child’s way of getting your attention, even if that attention was negative. How can you deal with the whining? You need to take the attention away from your child. You simply should not respond to your child’s whining. When she begins to whine, you can very calmly tell her that you will not answer her or address her problem until she speaks to you in an ordinary voice, then walk away from her and continue to ignore her whining behavior. When she realizes that the whining isn’t getting the result she desires, she should stop.

Another common problem that parents encounter is bedtime battles. Does your child go calmly to bed, only to repeatedly get up for that last sip of water or visit to the bathroom? Does it take you one to two hours to get your child to finally settle in for the night? There are several ways you can handle this depending upon the age of your child. If your son or daughter is a toddler or pre-schooled, you may want to keep a chart. Each time your child goes to bed and stays in bed, reward her with a sticker. After a designated time period in which she stayed in the bed for several consecutive nights, let her choose a particular treat, such as a small toy or a visit to a new playground. Be sure you praise her for being a good girl. If your child is older, you may need to dock any extra time that he takes staying in the bed. Explain to your child that the longer he stalls going to bed, the less time he will be allowed to watch television or play on the computer.

If your child has the irritable habit of throwing a tantrum every time you go to the supermarket, you are not alone. Often, these habits intensify simply because it is easier to give in to your child than to address the problem. How can you handle these tantrums? Probably the most important thing you should remember is that you should never give in to them. This may mean that you have to leave the store. Once you leave the store, however, don’t let your child’s behavior go without consequences. Once you get home, you will need to instill some sort of time-out or loss of privilege, depending on the age of your child.

Indulging your child too much and too often may turn your child into a selfish, spoiled brat. While you may have thought that you were lavishing your child with love by giving into her every whim and desire, you may soon learn that your child’s desires are unending. If you have somehow helped to create a demanding child, you can reverse this behavior pattern, even though it may take a while. Don’t give in to your child’s every wish. Instead, help your child discover ways to earn certain privileges or objects. Show your child that there are many people who are in need. Be sure you volunteer at activities that your child can help with. Teach your child to give to others, instead of only wanting to obtain things for herself.

Finally, many parents wake up one morning to suddenly find that their son or daughter thinks he or she can talk back in a disrespectful manner. Of course, when a child talks back to a parent, that parent may lose his or her temper rather quickly, but you should keep in mind that this is often what a child wants. If your child senses that he has the power to make you lose control, he may exert that power more and more often. Your child needs to show you respect, and in order to teach him this, you will need to talk to him respectfully, but firmly. If he speaks to you disrespectfully, you should tell him that you will not discuss anything with him until he can talk respectfully to you. Let him know that he will not get any kind of response out of you until he changes his tone. Behavior problems can be overwhelming, but with firmness and consistency, parents can do a lot to manage their child’s behavior.

SUMMARY OF INTELLECTUAL

1. Alcohol antenatal infection
2. Anemia
 Reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen from various possible causes.
3. Asperser syndrome
 A neuropsychiatric disorder mainly involving the inability to understand and becoming involved in social interaction.
4. Autism

5. Cerebral Palsy
 A brain disorder causing movement disability.
6. Depression
 various syndromes with excessive anxiety, phobias, or fear..
7. Dyslexia
 Dyslexia is a name for a condition where people have difficulty with reading and writing. People with dyslexia have normal intelligence and are not in any way mentally retarded or intellectually challenged.
8. Encephalitis - Dangerous infection of the brain.
9. Fragile-X Syndrome
 A rare inherited characterized by various physical anomalies as well as mental retardation. The symptoms are milder in females.
10. HARD syndrome
 A rare genetic disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface and eye, genitourinary and other abnormalities.

SUMMARY OF EMOTIONAL

Children are precious; as parents we worry about their health. When our children have issues and crises, these issues and crises affect us just as much, if not more, than it affects them. We fear that which might bring them fear; we hurt when we see them hurt; and sometimes, we cry just seeing them cry. Writer Elizabeth Stone once said "Making the decision to have a child is momentous. It is to decide forever to have your heart go walking around outside your body." So, when it seems like something is not quite right with your children - perhaps they seem more afraid than other kids, or they seem to get a lot angrier than their playmates do over certain things - this odd or "off" behavior can be experienced as terrifying. In fact, a child's difficulty can be just the starting point for your parental worry and concern. You might not know what to do to help your child, or where to go for help. Possibly, you may worry because you don't even know if your child's problem is something you should be concerned about in the first place.
We've created this survey of childhood mental and emotional disorders to help worried parents better understand the various ways that mental illness can effect children; what it looks like and how it can be helped. Children mental and emotional disorders are problems that affect not only their behavior, emotions, moods, or thoughts, but can also affect the entire family as well. These problems are often similar to other types of health problems that your child might have, and can generally be treated with medications or psychotherapy (or a combination of both). 

beed 3b